A home inspection is one of the most important steps in the home-buying process. It helps you uncover potential hidden issues before finalizing the purchase. Skipping a thorough inspection can lead to unexpected repairs and costly surprises.
To ensure you’re making a smart investment, use this detailed home inspection checklist to evaluate structural integrity, major systems, and safety concerns.
🏠 1. Exterior Inspection Checklist
✅ Roof
- Check for missing, damaged, or curling shingles.
- Look for leaks or water stains on ceilings inside the home.
- Inspect gutters and downspouts for proper drainage.
✅ Foundation & Structure
- Look for visible cracks in the foundation, walls, or ceilings.
- Check for sloping or uneven floors (sign of foundation issues).
- Open and close doors & windows—sticky movement can indicate shifting foundations.
✅ Siding & Exterior Walls
- Inspect for cracks, peeling paint, or rotting wood.
- Look for gaps or damage in brickwork or stucco.
- Check for pest infestations (termites, rodents, etc.).
✅ Drainage & Grading
- Ensure the yard slopes away from the house to prevent water damage.
- Look for standing water around the foundation.
✅ Driveway, Walkways & Decks
- Inspect for cracks, uneven surfaces, or wood rot.
- Check for loose railings or steps on porches and decks.
🔧 2. Interior Inspection Checklist
✅ Walls, Ceilings & Floors
- Look for water stains, cracks, or mold.
- Check for uneven floors or sagging ceilings.
✅ Doors & Windows
- Ensure doors/windows open and close smoothly.
- Look for broken seals, drafts, or fogging in double-pane windows.
✅ Basement & Crawl Space
- Inspect for water damage, mold, or pest activity.
- Look for cracks in walls or foundation.
✅ Attic & Insulation
- Check for proper ventilation and adequate insulation.
- Look for roof leaks, mold, or signs of pests.
⚡ 3. Electrical System Checklist
✅ Main Panel & Wiring
- Ensure the electrical panel is up to code (no old or recalled panels).
- Look for exposed wires or outdated knob-and-tube wiring.
✅ Outlets & Switches
- Test all light switches and outlets.
- Look for burn marks, buzzing sounds, or non-functioning outlets.
✅ GFCI Protection (Bathrooms, Kitchen & Outdoors)
- Ensure Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) outlets are installed where required.
🔥 4. Heating & Cooling System Checklist
✅ HVAC System
- Test heating and cooling functions.
- Check for rust, leaks, or strange noises in the furnace or AC unit.
- Ask for maintenance records and system age.
✅ Ductwork & Vents
- Look for dust buildup, mold, or disconnected ducts.
✅ Water Heater
- Check for leaks or corrosion.
- Test hot water pressure and temperature.
📊 Tip: A well-maintained HVAC system lasts 15–20 years, while a water heater lasts 8–12 years.
🚰 5. Plumbing System Checklist
✅ Pipes & Water Pressure
- Check for leaks under sinks, behind toilets, and in the basement.
- Turn on multiple faucets at once to test water pressure.
✅ Sewer & Drainage
- Flush toilets and check for slow drainage.
- Look for signs of past backups or sewage odors.
✅ Water Quality
- Test for contaminants or hard water buildup.
📊 Tip: A sewer line inspection may cost extra but can save thousands in potential repairs.
🔑 6. Safety & Miscellaneous Checklist
✅ Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Detectors
- Ensure all detectors are functional and properly placed.
✅ Fireplace & Chimney
- Check for creosote buildup, cracks, or blockages.
✅ Pest Inspection
- Look for signs of termites, rodents, or other infestations.
✅ Radon & Mold Testing
- Consider professional radon and mold testing, especially in basements.
🏡 Final Thoughts: Should You Hire a Professional Inspector?
While this checklist is a great starting point, hiring a licensed home inspector can help uncover hidden issues that could cost you thousands in repairs.
✅ When to Walk Away from a Home:
- Major foundation cracks
- Extensive mold or water damage
- Outdated electrical or plumbing systems
- Roof or HVAC system in poor condition
A thorough home inspection ensures that you make a confident and informed decision before purchasing your home.
📌 American Society of Home Inspectors (ASHI) – Find a certified home inspector.
👉 Check out our [Ultimate Home Maintenance Checklist: Seasonal and Monthly Guide] 🛠️
